Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Kendaraan Otonom: Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Tren dan Tantangan Masa Depan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61844/jemmtec.v5i01.1366Kata Kunci:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Kendaran Otonom, Tenaga Kerja.Abstrak
Kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) merupakan elemen kunci dalam pengembangan kendaraan otonom yang berpotensi merevolusi sistem transportasi modern melalui peningkatan efisiensi, keselamatan, dan kenyamanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap perkembangan terkini, tantangan, serta arah masa depan penerapan AI pada kendaraan otonom, sekaligus mengidentifikasi kompetensi AI yang dibutuhkan oleh tenaga kerja di industri ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review dengan menganalisis artikel ilmiah dan publikasi relevan yang membahas teknologi AI pada kendaraan otonom dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran mesin (machine learning), pembelajaran mendalam (deep learning), pengendalian prediktif (predictive control), serta sistem persepsi visual berbasis visi komputer merupakan teknologi utama yang memungkinkan kendaraan otonom melakukan pengambilan keputusan secara mandiri dan adaptif terhadap kondisi jalan yang dinamis. Selain itu, penerapan AI dalam manajemen energi dan sistem keselamatan terbukti berperan penting dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan kendaraan otonom. Temuan ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa penguasaan keahlian AI, khususnya pada bidang analisis data, pemodelan cerdas, dan sistem kontrol otonom, menjadi kebutuhan strategis bagi tenaga kerja saat ini dan di masa depan. Dengan demikian, pengembangan kompetensi AI tidak hanya mendukung kemajuan teknologi kendaraan otonom, tetapi juga menjadi fondasi penting bagi pertumbuhan dan daya saing industri transportasi cerdas.
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